In ongoing efforts to clean up the air and the environment many places have, or are intending to, introduced limitations on vehicles entering their centres.

This has become especially an issue for haulage companies, where the latest rules mean all vehicles must have Euro VI engines to gain access.

In London, for example, where there is a Low Emissions Zone (LEZ) there is a charge of £100 per vehicle over 12 tonnes for anywhere inside the M25 that do not have Euro VI.

But among those cities and towns that are following suit are Birmingham, Leeds, Bradford, Bristol and Bath.

Brighton is expected to follow suit by 2023, while Cambridge is contemplating the move, though has yet to announce a date.

Cardiff, Aberdeen, Derby, Dundee, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Newcastle and Manchester are reported to have plans in the pipeline or imminent.

Many are also likely to introduce charges for access, which will increase the price of deliveries into their centres.